A Surname That Begins With a Man and a Bowl of Wheat
The Chinese surname Mai — 麦 (Mài), traditional form 麥, the character for wheat — is small and hyper-local. Tallies put it between roughly 140th and 210th among Chinese surnames, and about seventy percent of its carriers live in one province, Guangdong —…
Surname Archive
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A River Named a People
Most northern Chinese surnames trace to one of two ancestral stems: Ji (姬, Jī), the Zhou royal surname, and Jiang — written 姜 (Jiāng) — the older kind of name, a place before it was a family.
The classical Guoyu preserves the charter: 「黄帝以姬水成,炎帝以姜水成」 — the Yellow Emperor came to…
One of China's top-100 surnames — 江 (Jiāng), usually counted around seventy-ninth by population — did not begin as a kingdom's triumph. It began as a kingdom's end. The name is what was left after a small state on the Huai River was swallowed by its larger neighbour in 623 BCE, and the people who…
The Xu (徐) Surname: From the State of Xu to the Wuyi Tanka and Overseas Diaspora
Two Surnames, One Pronunciation
Ask where the Xu surname origin lies and the answer runs to a state rather than a dynasty. The Xu surname (徐, Xú) descends, in its own lineage tradition, from the lower Huai river —…
The Xiao (萧/肖) Surname: One Name, Two Characters, Many Spellings
The Chinese surname Xiao is registered under two characters — Xiao (萧, Xiāo), the older form, and Xiao (肖, Xiào, also read Xiāo as a surname), the substitute the mainland registers carry — and the difference is neither ancient nor genealogical: it is the residue…
The Lu (陆) Surname: From Yamen's Loyal Minister to the Wuyi Diaspora
Lu (陆, Lù) is a top-hundred Chinese surname: 57th to 60th on the 2018 household-registry counts, about 4.2 to 4.4 million mainland bearers — Yuan Yida's Contemporary Hundred Surnames (2005) gives 60th at 0.31 per cent, other compilations 61st at 4.8 million, an…
The Tang (汤) Surname: From the Shang Dynasty's Founding King to a 900-Year Wuyi Lineage
A Surname from the Founding of a Dynasty (Tang, Tāng)
The Tang (汤, Tāng) surname takes its character from Cheng Tang (成汤, Chéng Tāng), the king who founded the Shang dynasty (商朝, Shāng cháo) around 1600 BCE. Surname tradition derives…
The Peng (彭) Surname: A Top-31 Name, Scattered Thin at the Edge of the Wuyi Diaspora
The Peng surname (彭, Péng) ranks about thirty-first among China's surnames, with roughly 6.9 million bearers — about 0.49 percent of the Han population — according to the cited surname study, Wu Jianhua's Peng Surname History (Peng Xing Shihua),…
The Gong (龚) Surname: From Ancient Water Gods to the Taishan Diaspora
Few surnames in China's top hundred carry a longer remembered past — or a stranger one — than the Gong surname (龚, gōng): roughly 2.5 to 3 million bearers, ranked near 89th in the 2018 household-registry count; a name spelled Gong in pinyin,…
The Fang (方) Surname: From the Fall of the Song Court to the Towers of Kaiping
Fang (方, fāng; Fong in Cantonese-speaking communities) is one of the most portable surnames in the Chinese world — a single character that turns up in the phone books of Vancouver, San Francisco, Havana, and Singapore. In China alone…
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