The Wuyi counties reached their opera by water. Not as a touring amusement that stopped at a market town, but as a piece of the ritual calendar's machinery — something a lineage and a temple were expected to raise, as they were expected to build a hall or repair a bridge. Cantonese opera (粤剧, Yuèjù),…
Chinese Diaspora
The duty: why a grave in America was a failure
The Wuyi emigration story is usually told as an outward story, with the money running back the other way: men left for 金山 (Jīnshān, "Gold Mountain" — North America), and what they sent home built the houses. There was a third flow, and it moved…
The Wuyi (五邑, Wǔyì) qiaoxiang (侨乡, qiáoxiāng) — the emigrant homeland of the five counties of western Guangdong — is famous for the people it sent out. It should be equally famous for the people it took back in. The same counties that produced the sojourners, the remittance letters and the women who waited at…
Jiangmen — the prefecture in the western Pearl River delta that brands itself 中国侨都 (Zhōngguó Qiáodū, China's "overseas-Chinese capital") — did not grow a single coffee bean when its coffee industry began. What it had instead was a diaspora. For more than a century the people of the five Wuyi counties — Taishan, Kaiping, Xinhui,…
For about a century, the coast of Taishan (台山, Táishān) in Guangdong's Wuyi (五邑, Wǔyì) counties was a shore people left. Emigrants sailed from its river ports to the Nanyang and North America, and the region earned the name it still carries: a qiaoxiang (侨乡, qiáoxiāng), an emigrant homeland. That shore now produces and ships.…
Most places that lose their people to emigration never build institutions to bring them back. Jiangmen did — and what it built is not a slogan but a paper chain with dates.
A clause in Chapter 8 of the 2019 Greater Bay Area development plan supports building an overseas-Chinese cultural-exchange-and-cooperation important platform (华侨华人文化交流合作重要平台, Huáqiáo Huárén…
For more than a century, the west bank of the Pearl River estuary was the shore people left. From Taishan (台山, Táishān) and Kaiping (开平, Kāipíng), emigrants sailed out of small river ports bound for North America, Australia and the Nanyang, and the money they sent home came back as the fortified diaolou towers that…
For more than a century, Kaiping (开平) was a place people left. Its sons and daughters boarded junks at the Haikoubu departure port, laid the transcontinental railroads, and worked the hand laundries of North America. Their remittances came home as fortified towers — the diaolou that now make the county a UNESCO World Heritage landscape.…
Chinese in Canada Before the Head Tax: BC Gold Rush, Victoria, and the Road to 1885
For roughly a quarter-century — from the spring of 1858 until the summer of 1885 — a Chinese migrant could walk off a ship in British Columbia and simply enter. No tax at the door, no certificate to carry,…
Between 1881 and 1944, Chinese arrivals in New Zealand were made to pay a poll tax (人头税, réntóu shuì) — a fee no other migrant faced — a levy that began at £10 and was raised to £100, the equivalent of several years' wages for the labourers it targeted. The tax did not stand alone.…