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Tag: clan associations

World map of nineteenth-century Chinese emigration routes from Asia to the Americas and the Caribbean

The Coolie Trade and Early Migration Patterns (1840–1874)

The mid-19th century marked a dark yet transformative period in Chinese migration history, dominated by the global coolie trade (苦力贸易). Tens of thousands of laborers, predominantly from Guangdong’s Taishan, Xinhui, and Enping counties, were swept into this exploitative system. Between 1840 and 1874, over 200,000 Chinese workers were shipped to destinations such as Peru, Cuba,…

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A historic photo showing railroad workers, including Wuyi migrants, gathered at the Golden Spike ceremony, marking the completion of the Transcontinental Railroad.

1890 Breakthrough: How Wuyi Migrants’ Revolutionary Resilience Defied Exploitation and Shaped History

In the 19th century, Wuyi migrants from Guangdong’s Siyi region set sail for distant shores, driven by dreams of economic prosperity and the hope of securing better futures for their families. Yet, behind these aspirations lay untold sacrifices—stories of exploitation, exclusion, and resilience that shaped not only their lives but also the foundations of global…

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