Skip to content Skip to sidebar Skip to footer
World map showing the global routes of the 19th-century coolie trade from Asia and the Pacific to the Americas and Caribbean.

The Coolie Trade and Early Migration Patterns (1840–1874)

The mid-19th century marked a dark yet transformative period in Chinese migration history, dominated by the global coolie trade (苦力贸易). Tens of thousands of laborers, predominantly from Guangdong’s Taishan, Xinhui, and Enping counties, were swept into this exploitative system. Between 1840 and 1874, over 200,000 Chinese workers were shipped to destinations such as Peru, Cuba,…

Read more

A weathered grave marker bearing Chinese inscriptions stands amidst snow-covered fields, marking the resting place of Mrs. Wong Kim—a testament to the enduring legacy of Montana’s Chinese pioneers

Ghosts of Gold Mountain: Grave-Sweeping Rituals and the Resilience of Montana’s Chinese Railroad Workers

Between 1865 and 1890, over 1,200 Chinese laborers worked on Montana’s railroads, including the Northern Pacific Railway. Most were young men from Taishan and Kaiping in Guangdong’s Wuyi region, recruited through clan networks to replace Irish crews deemed too costly. These men left their families behind, hoping to earn enough to send money home or…

Read more

A vibrant sunset over Guangzhou’s skyline featuring the Canton Tower and modern skyscrapers, representing the economic growth of the Siyi Greater Bay Area Development.

Siyi Greater Bay Area Development: A Story of Economic Transformation and Regional Integration

The Siyi region—comprising Taishan, Kaiping, Enping, and Xinhui—has long been a cradle of resilience, innovation, and cultural richness. Known as the "侨乡" (ancestral hometown) for millions of overseas Chinese, this area has undergone profound economic transformations over the past two centuries. Today, as part of the Greater Bay Area (GBA) , Siyi is not just…

Read more

A historical photograph of Chinese families walking through San Francisco’s Chinatown, representing the preservation of the Siyi dialect among Wuyi migrants.

The Siyi Dialect: A Heartbeat of Identity Calling Across Generations

Language is more than words—it is the soul of a culture, a living thread that stitches together generations, histories, and identities. For third- and fourth-generation overseas Chinese from the Siyi region, Siyi dialects like Taishanese (台山话) are far more than tools for communication. They are bridges to a heritage steeped in resilience, echoes of ancestors…

Read more

A historic photo showing railroad workers, including Wuyi migrants, gathered at the Golden Spike ceremony, marking the completion of the Transcontinental Railroad.

1890 Breakthrough: How Wuyi Migrants’ Revolutionary Resilience Defied Exploitation and Shaped History

In the 19th century, Wuyi migrants from Guangdong’s Siyi region set sail for distant shores, driven by dreams of economic prosperity and the hope of securing better futures for their families. Yet, behind these aspirations lay untold sacrifices—stories of exploitation, exclusion, and resilience that shaped not only their lives but also the foundations of global…

Read more

Aerial view of Taishan's rural landscape featuring rice paddies, fish ponds, and traditional villages.

Essential Insights into Taishan Villages: From 221 BCE to Modern Heritage

Taishan’s villages are a living testament to history, migration, and cultural resilience. From the iconic diaolou (watchtowers) built by overseas Chinese to the clan-based settlements that shaped social life, these villages reflect a unique fusion of tradition and global influence. As urbanization and depopulation challenge their survival, efforts in heritage preservation, cultural tourism, and diaspora…

Read more

Elderly Taishanese people sitting outside a traditional home in Taishan, Guangdong, engaging in conversation.

5 Generations of Legacy: How the Toysanese People from China Built a Global Heritage

For over two centuries, the Taishanese people from China have built a global legacy through migration, resilience, and cultural preservation. From shaping the vibrant communities of San Francisco and Sydney to preserving their unique dialect and architectural heritage, their influence spans generations. Discover how the Taishanese have navigated challenges, maintained deep ties to their homeland,…

Read more

A docked ship with mooring ropes, symbolizing the perilous sea voyages undertaken by Chinese labor migrants after the end of slavery.

How the End of Slavery Impacted Chinese Labor Migration

The abolition of slavery in the mid-19th century reshaped global labor markets, driving a surge in Chinese labor migration to replace enslaved workers in plantations, railroads, and mines. Facing poverty, war, and political turmoil, thousands of Chinese laborers embarked on perilous ocean journeys, enduring exploitation, deception, and harsh working conditions under the coolie trade. This…

Read more

Aerial view of Taishan China Agricultural Park in Duhu Town, showcasing lush green rice fields, rural villages, and surrounding mountains under soft sunlight.

200 Years of Resilience: The Sze Yup Diaspora’s Inspiring Journey

Discover the inspiring journey of the Sze Yup diaspora, a 200-year saga of resilience, heritage, and triumph. From the historic Diaolou watchtowers of Guangdong’s Sze Yup region to the goldfields of Australia and the bustling streets of San Francisco, this article explores how Sze Yup emigrants overcame adversity, preserved their culture, and built thriving communities…

Read more

Taishan family saying farewell to loved ones departing for America - historical moment of Wuyi migration journey"

The 1850s Gold Rush: How Siyi Gold Miners Built a Town in Australia

The story of the Siyi gold miners is one of resilience, ingenuity, and an enduring cultural legacy. In the mid-19th century, migrants from Taishan, Kaiping, Xinhui, and Enping left Guangdong, China, seeking fortune in Australia’s goldfields. Amidst racial discrimination and restrictive laws like the Victorian poll tax, they persevered—not only extracting gold but also laying…

Read more

Historical photograph of a large Taishanese family in front of iconic diaolou towers, showcased at Taishan Overseas Chinese Culture Museum.

5 Floors, Countless Stories: Exploring the Taishan Overseas Chinese Culture Museum

Step into the Taishan Overseas Chinese Culture Museum, and you’ll find more than just artifacts—you’ll find pieces of your story. From the tearful goodbyes at Guanghai Port to the inspiring legacy of the Sunning Railway, this museum brings to life the struggles, sacrifices, and triumphs of the Taishanese diaspora. Whether you’re reconnecting with your roots…

Read more

Traditional Chinese New Year celebration with an elderly man in red attire standing under red lanterns and Spring Festival couplets.

Chinese New Year Traditions: A Complete Guide to Celebrations, Customs, and Modern Adaptations

Discover the rich tapestry of Chinese New Year traditions in this comprehensive guide. From the festival’s ancient origins and symbolic rituals to vibrant decorations, traditional foods, and modern adaptations, explore how this cultural celebration continues to unite families and communities worldwide. Whether it’s the wisdom of the Year of the Snake or the joy of…

Read more

Chinese characters Huang (黄) and Wang (王) with romanized spellings Wong and Ong, representing the Wong surname origin and meaning.

The Wong Surname: Tracing Its Noble Origins and Global Legacy

The **Wong surname** is one of the most widely recognized and historically significant names in Chinese culture. With origins rooted in ancient dynasties, the name reflects both nobility and prosperity. Derived from the characters **黄 (Huang)** and **王 (Wang)**, the **Wong surname meaning** is deeply connected to values such as leadership, authority, and success. This…

Read more

Historic photo of Beijie Station, a key stop on the Sunning Railway in Guangdong, China, showcasing its clock tower and European-style architecture.

Sunning Railway: Uniting Taishan’s Overseas Chinese and Transforming a Nation

The Sunning Railway (新宁铁路), built in the early 20th century by Taishan’s overseas Chinese community, stands as a remarkable testament to unity and ambition. Spanning 138 kilometers, this railway connected remote villages to bustling markets, transforming Taishan into an economic and cultural hub. Led by visionary Chen Yixi, who rose from humble beginnings to master…

Read more

Full-size replica boat at Taishan Haikou Bu, a historical departure port for Siyi migrants.

Taishan Haikou Port Museum: Meet China’s Migrant Past

Nestled at the confluence of the Datong (大同) and Duanfen (端芬) Rivers, the Haikou Port Museum in Haikou Bu (海口埠) stands as a living record of China’s overseas migration story. Here, original qiaopi (侨批) documents and restored streetscapes bring to life the resilience, family ties, and global aspirations that defined generations of Guangfu (广府) travelers.…

Read more

Woman lighting incense sticks at a modern ancestor worship altar with fruit and floral decorations.

Modern Ancestor Worship Practices

Explore the evolving landscape of modern ancestor worship practices in China. From virtual memorial platforms to eco-friendly alternatives, discover how traditions are adapting to urbanization, technological advancements, and generational shifts. Learn how both mainland China and the Chinese diaspora continue to honor their ancestors while preserving cultural identity and familial bonds. This article delves into…

Read more

A traditional Chinese ink painting depicting Ueng (翁), symbolized by an old fisherman in a bamboo hat and raincoat (蓑笠翁), fishing on a serene river surrounded by misty mountains.

The Ueng (翁) Surname: Exploring a Rich Legacy of History and Culture

The Ueng (翁) surname carries a rich legacy rooted in Chinese history, symbolizing wisdom, longevity, and resilience. Derived from the romanization of *Wēng*, the surname reflects the cultural heritage of Chinese migrants, especially those who settled overseas. With ties to literature, art, and Confucian ideals, Ueng remains a symbol of family unity and respect. Whether…

Read more

Sunset view over the Tanjiang River, an important rivier in Wuyi, with a modern outdoor seating area.

Roots of Legacy: Wuyi Impact & Future Generations

rom the bustling streets of California during the Gold Rush to the ports of Southeast Asia, Wuyi emigrants left their mark on the world. Their journeys not only transformed their lives but also fueled economic resilience and cultural preservation in their hometowns—Kaiping, Xinhui, Enping, Heshan, and Taishan. Through hard work, philanthropy, and entrepreneurial spirit, these…

Read more

Historic architecture of Chikan Town, Guangdong, China, with vintage buildings and traditional Chinese gondolas along the river.

Kaiping Diaolou: China’s UNESCO Heritage Towers

Discover the rich stories behind Kaiping’s diaolou towers in our latest podcast! These unique, fortified towers are a blend of Chinese and Western design, built for protection and family honor. Dive into tales of resilience, global connections, and cultural identity, all embodied within these fascinating structures. Perfect for history enthusiasts and heritage explorers alike! …

Read more

Kaiping Diaolou and traditional Chinese building by the river under a clear blue sky.

Roots of Legacy: Honoring the Enduring Heritage of Wuyi Emigrants

Discover the profound stories of the Wuyi (五邑) emigrants whose resilience and contributions have shaped both their adopted communities and their homeland. From the heartfelt Qiaopi letters (侨批) that connected families across oceans to the towering Kaiping Diaolou that symbolize cultural fusion, the legacy of Wuyi emigrants is a testament to courage, adaptation, and enduring…

Read more

Kaiping Fengcai Tang with intricate architecture blending Chinese and Western styles

Wuyi Migration Journey: The Roots of Legacy in the Siyi Region

Discover the rich migration history of China’s Wuyi region, where generations of families from Kaiping, Xinhui, Enping, Heshan, and Taishan embarked on journeys to Southeast Asia, North America, and beyond. Explore the cultural legacy, resilience, and impact of these migrants as they built communities, preserved heritage, and transformed lives across the globe. From the iconic…

Read more

Young girl receiving face paint in preparation for the traditional Piaose parade in Taishan.

Exploring Taishan: The First Home of Overseas Chinese

Discover the rich history and vibrant culture of Taishan (台山), known as the “First Home of Overseas Chinese” in Guangdong, China. From historic Diaolou towers to bustling festivals and authentic cuisine, Taishan offers a unique window into the legacy of Chinese migration and cultural fusion. At Roots of China, we craft immersive journeys that go…

Read more

Map of the Wuyi region in Guangdong, China, highlighting Siyi to Wuyi cultural transformation

Siyi to Wuyi: A Journey of Transformation and Heritage

Originally comprising only four counties—Kaiping, Xinhui, Taishan, and Enping—the region now known as Wuyi expanded in 1983 with the addition of Heshan, blending historical roots with industrial growth. Join us as we explore Wuyi’s unique journey, from its legacy as the ‘hometown of overseas Chinese’ to its role in the Greater Bay Area, where tradition…

Read more

Statue of Liang Qichao in Xinhui with a historical pagoda in the background.

Xinhui’s (新会) Contributions to Chinese Culture and History

Discover Xinhui (新会), the cultural gem of Guangdong’s Siyi region, famous for its rich heritage, the centuries-old chenpi (陈皮) industry, and its influence on overseas Chinese communities worldwide. Explore how Xinhui (新会) bridges tradition and modernity through immersive cultural experiences, iconic landmarks like Birds’ Paradise, and the flourishing chenpi tourism hub. Dive into the heart…

Read more

Traditional Enping specialty zongzi displayed in woven baskets and bamboo trays

Enping: A Living Harmony of Tradition and Modern Life

Enping, a city woven with history and modern innovation, bridges generations through its rich traditions and forward-thinking industries. From its distinctive hot springs and vibrant local arts to its global influence in the microphone industry, Enping offers a unique blend of cultural resilience and economic dynamism. Discover how this corner of Guangdong preserves its heritage…

Read more

Modern illuminated bridge in Jiangmen at night with vibrant red and blue lights.

Jiangmen City: The Gateway to the Wuyi Region

Step into Jiangmen City, where tradition meets progress in the heart of the Wuyi Region. Known as the ‘Capital of Overseas Chinese,’ Jiangmen offers visitors a unique blend of cultural heritage, scenic landscapes, and modern vibrancy. From exploring UNESCO-listed Diaolou watchtowers to enjoying morning Tai-chi by the river, every corner of Jiangmen invites you to…

Read more

A woman from Taishan in the 1930s wearing a floral-patterned blouse, symbolizing resilience and elegance in women's history.

The Hidden Role of Women in Taishan’s Heritage: From Clan Halls to Modern Preservation

When exploring women in Taishan history , we often find stories overshadowed by the grand narratives of migration, architecture, and male-dominated achievements. Yet, behind every towering diaolou (watchtower) and bustling overseas remittance economy lies the quiet strength of Taishan’s women. These remarkable individuals managed households, preserved traditions, and even led groundbreaking initiatives that shaped their…

Read more

Sign Up to Our Newsletter

Be the first to know the latest updates