Taishanese Phrases: 30 Things to Say to Your Wuyi Relatives
Why These Taishanese Phrases Aren't Pinyin
For roughly a century, Taishanese (台山话, Táishān huà — the diaspora spells it Hoisan or Toisan) was the working language of North American Chinatown: not Mandarin, and not the Cantonese of the phrasebooks. It was the speech of laundries…
The Fall of the Song Dynasty: Yamen, Mongol Conquest, and Wuyi's Origins
The Battle at the Doorstep
The battle that ended the Song dynasty was fought within sight of the villages that would one day send their people across the world. For more than three centuries the Song (宋朝, Sòng cháo) had ruled the most…
Chinese National Day: How the Diaspora Marks October 1
On October 1, 1949, Mao Zedong stood on the Tiananmen rostrum in Beijing and proclaimed the founding of the People's Republic of China. Seventy-seven years later, that date — 国庆节 (Guóqìngjié, "National Celebration Festival") — is marked not only in Tiananmen Square but in the Chinatowns,…
The Chung Yeung Festival: Autumn Grave-Sweeping and Ancestor Veneration in the Wuyi Diaspora
On the ninth day of the ninth lunar month, China marks Chung Yeung — the Double Ninth Festival (重阳节, Chóngyáng Jié) — the autumn grave-sweeping festival. In 2026, the day falls on Sunday, October 18. It is the last of the traditional…
Between 1881 and 1944, Chinese arrivals in New Zealand were made to pay a poll tax (人头税, réntóu shuì) — a fee no other migrant faced — a levy that began at £10 and was raised to £100, the equivalent of several years' wages for the labourers it targeted. The tax did not stand alone.…
Peruvian Chinese: The Coolie Ships, Chifa, and Latin America's Largest Chinese Community
Between 1849 and 1874, somewhere between ninety thousand and one hundred and twenty thousand Chinese laborers — nearly all of them young men — were carried across the Pacific to Peru under eight-year contracts they signed in a language they could not read.…
How to Find Your Family's Qiaopi Letters: A Hands-On Guide to Wuyi Remittance Archives
Between roughly 1850 and 1950, millions of men from the Siyi (四邑) and Wuyi (五邑) counties of Guangdong left for the gold fields, railroads, laundries, and kitchens of North America, Australia, and Southeast Asia — and many of them wrote home.…
Chinese Immigration Records in Canada: How to Find Your Wuyi Ancestor
The Records Exist — And Your Ancestor Is Probably in Them
In 1885, Canada began writing down every Chinese person who arrived on its shores. Not a list of suspects — an administrative record, kept by federal officials at the ports, of who came,…
The Chinese Head Tax: How Canada Charged Wuyi Migrants
The Price of Entry
Canada's first restriction on Chinese immigration was not a ban. It was a price — the Chinese head tax (人头税, réntóushuì), a fee collected at the gate from every Chinese person seeking entry, from 1885 to 1923.
The ladder climbed in three…
The Lei (雷) Surname: From Ancient Fangshan to the Wuyi Diaspora
Roughly 3.7 million people in the world today answer to the surname Lei (雷) — a name that means "thunder" and, in the oldest stories, carries the weight of it. It is not among China's largest surnames; by population it sits somewhere around the…