How to Find Your Family's Qiaopi Letters: A Hands-On Guide to Wuyi Remittance Archives
Between roughly 1850 and 1950, millions of men from the Siyi (四邑) and Wuyi (五邑) counties of Guangdong left for the gold fields, railroads, laundries, and kitchens of North America, Australia, and Southeast Asia — and many of them wrote home.…
Chinese Restaurant History: How Wuyi Immigrants Built America's Chop Suey Houses
The Storefront That Opened a Door
The Siyi region of Guangdong sent more than two million people overseas between 1840 and 1940. Among the things they built in America — railroads, mines, laundries — the most enduring proved to be the corner restaurant. Chinese…
The Han (韩) Surname: From the Warring States to the Wuyi Diaspora
The Han (韩) surname descends from the royal house of a kingdom of the Warring States — the State of Han (韩国, Hánguó), founded when Han Wan (韩万, Hán Wàn), grandson of Duke Wu of Quwo, was enfeoffed at Hanyuan (韩原, Hányuán) in…
Chinese Immigration Records in Canada: How to Find Your Wuyi Ancestor
The Records Exist — And Your Ancestor Is Probably in Them
In 1885, Canada began writing down every Chinese person who arrived on its shores. Not a list of suspects — an administrative record, kept by federal officials at the ports, of who came,…
The Chinese Hand Laundry: How Wuyi Immigrants Built an American Icon (1850s–1940s)
The Signature Trade of Chinese America
Of all the occupations that shaped Chinese America, none was more widespread — or more misunderstood — than the Chinese hand laundry (洗衣业, xǐyī yè). For a century it was the country's most iconic Chinese trade: born…
Angel Island Chinese Immigration: The Wooden House and the Carved Poems of the Excluded (1910–1940)
The Wooden House on the Pacific Gate
Between January 21, 1910, and October 1940, a wooded island in San Francisco Bay served as the Pacific gate of the Chinese Exclusion Act (排華法案, Pái Huá Fǎ'àn). Angel Island Chinese immigration was…
The Tang (唐) Surname: From the Sage Emperor Yao to the Wuyi Diaspora
The Sage Emperor and the Multi-Origin Name
The Tang (唐, Táng) surname traces its origins to the sage emperor Yao and the ancient State of Tang — a name carried from the legendary dawn of Chinese history through the archaeology of the…
The Song (宋) Surname: From Weizi's State of Song to the Wuyi Diaspora
A Name That Outlived Every Dynasty
The Song (宋, Sòng) surname descends from 微子启 (Wēizǐ Qǐ, Weizi), a prince of the Shang royal house whose fief — the State of Song (宋国, Sòng guó), founded at Shangqiu (商丘, Shāngqiū) after the Zhou…
The Chinese Head Tax: How Canada Charged Wuyi Migrants
The Price of Entry
Canada's first restriction on Chinese immigration was not a ban. It was a price — the Chinese head tax (人头税, réntóushuì), a fee collected at the gate from every Chinese person seeking entry, from 1885 to 1923.
The ladder climbed in three…
The Lei (雷) Surname: From Ancient Fangshan to the Wuyi Diaspora
Roughly 3.7 million people in the world today answer to the surname Lei (雷) — a name that means "thunder" and, in the oldest stories, carries the weight of it. It is not among China's largest surnames; by population it sits somewhere around the…